Wow man it's all just falling apart for you isn't it? The more you post the less coherent you seem to
become....
Quote by Persocom01
Then I will state again, that the evolutionary history of life is not fact.
I know that microevolution is true and is supported by a great due of scientific evidence today. But does:
microevolution = true mean that
macroevolution = true?
It does not. This is because microevolution does not require mutation to occur.
For the last time, macroevolution has been observed. Jesus christ....How many times do I have to go through this with
you? The fossil evidence clearly shows animals evolving. It doesn't matter if you've never seen a monkey
transform into a human infront of your very eyes.
For anyone other than you, here's a crapload of evidence supporting macroevolution. I'd paste it
for you but it would take a long time and far too much room and you'd just ignore it like you ignore all evidence
anyway.
Quote: We know that the offspring of a male and female couple has a
combination of genes that is different from either parent. Natural slection eleminates inferior combinations and allows
the better gene combination to survive. This is observable and will result in variations within a species, as studied in
micoevolution.
You know there are documented cases of people being born with tails right? Is this just a joke that god plays on us
every once in a while? Where is the tail coming from?!?! Where does this tail fit in in your reality?
Quote: However, natural selection can only eleminate inferior combinations
of the original genes. In order to actually produce a new creature, we cannot rely on natural selection and the original
genes themselves.
On the rare-ness of mutations....
" Very large mutations are rare, but mutations are ubiquitous. There is roughly 0.1 to 1 mutation per genome
replication in viruses and 0.003 mutations per genome per replication in microbes. Mutation rates for higher organisms
vary quite a bit between organisms, but excluding the parts of the genome in which most mutations are neutral (the junk
DNA), the mutation rates are also roughly 0.003 per effective genome per cell replication. Since sexual reproduction
involves many cell replications, humans have about 1.6 mutations per generation. This is likely an underestimate,
because mutations with very small effect are easy to miss in the studies. Including neutral mutations, each human zygote
has about 64 new mutations (Drake et al. 1998). Another estimate concludes 175 mutations per generation, including at
least 3 deleterious mutations (Nachman and Crowell 2000)."
Quote: This is the point where I state is not fact:
That new creatures can be produced by mutation alone. We know that the chance of a benificial mutation is abysmally
small, yet it is claimed that mutations alone created all forms of life on this planet. Of course, evolutionists also
claim that this happened over millions of years.
Regarding most mutations being negative....
1. Most mutations are neutral. Nachman and Crowell estimate around 3 deleterious mutations out of 175 per generation in
humans (2000). Of those that have significant effect, most are harmful, but a significant fraction are beneficial. The
harmful mutations do not survive long, and the beneficial mutations survive much longer, so when you consider only
surviving mutations, most are beneficial.
2. Beneficial mutations are commonly observed. They are common enough to be problems in the cases of antibiotic
resistance in disease-causing organisms and pesticide resistance in agricultural pests (e.g., Newcomb et al. 1997; these
are not merely selection of pre-existing variation.) They can be repeatedly observed in laboratory populations (Wichman
et al. 1999). Other examples include the following:
* Mutations have given bacteria the ability to degrade nylon (Prijambada et al. 1995).
* Plant breeders have used mutation breeding to induce mutations and select the beneficial ones (FAO/IAEA 1977).
* Certain mutations in humans confer resistance to AIDS (Dean et al. 1996; Sullivan et al. 2001) or to heart disease
(Long 1994; Weisgraber et al. 1983).
* A mutation in humans makes bones strong (Boyden et al. 2002).
* Transposons are common, especially in plants, and help to provide beneficial diversity (Moffat 2000).
* In vitro mutation and selection can be used to evolve substantially improved function of RNA molecules, such as a
ribozyme (Wright and Joyce 1997).
3. Whether a mutation is beneficial or not depends on environment. A mutation that helps the organism in one
circumstance could harm it in another. When the environment changes, variations that once were counteradaptive suddenly
become favored. Since environments are constantly changing, variation helps populations survive, even if some of those
variations do not do as well as others. When beneficial mutations occur in a changed environment, they generally sweep
through the population rapidly (Elena et al. 1996).
4. High mutation rates are advantageous in some environments. Hypermutable strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa are found
more commonly in the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients, where antibiotics and other stresses increase selection pressure
and variability, than in patients without cystic fibrosis (Oliver et al. 2000).
5. Note that the existence of any beneficial mutations is a falsification of the young-earth creationism model (Morris
1985, 13).
Quote: However, fossil evidence does not support this. In the Cambrian
explosion, the lineages of nearly all animals alive today are observed. Moreover, no undisputed transitional fossils of
reptile -> bird, mammal -> whale, ape-like ancestor -> human have ever been found. The contradictary evidence
is so great that evolutionists even come up with theories like "punctuated equilibrium" to try to explain the
discreprencies. Note also that this theory has been rejected by most evolutionists today.
Omg...What the hell is it with creationists actually thinking the cambrian explosion supports their crazy pseudo-science
garbage. The Cambrian explosion has been covered in this thread several pages ago but I'll go over it one more
time.
1. The Cambrian explosion was the seemingly sudden appearance of a variety of complex animals about 540 million years
ago (Mya), but it was not the origin of complex life. Evidence of multicellular life from about 590 and 560 Mya appears
in the Doushantuo Formation in China (Chen et al. 2000, 2004), and diverse fossil forms occurred before 555 Mya (Martin
et al. 2000). (The Cambrian began 543 Mya., and the Cambrian explosion is considered by many to start with the first
trilobites, about 530 Mya.) Testate amoebae are known from about 750 Mya (Porter and Knoll 2000). There are tracelike
fossils more than 1,200 Mya in the Stirling Range Formation of Australia (Rasmussen et al. 2002). Eukaryotes (which have
relatively complex cells) may have arisen 2,700 Mya, according to fossil chemical evidence (Brocks et al. 1999). Fossil
microorganisms have been found from 3,465 Mya (Schopf 1993). There is isotopic evidence of sulfur-reducing bacteria from
3,470 Mya (Shen et al. 2001) and possible evidence of microbial etching of volcanic glass from 3,480 Mya (Furnes et al.
2004).
2. There are transitional fossils within the Cambrian explosion fossils. For
example, there are lobopods (basically worms with legs) which are intermediate between arthropods and worms (Conway
Morris 1998).
3. Only some phyla appear in the Cambrian explosion. In particular, all plants postdate the Cambrian, and flowering
plants, by far the dominant form of land life today, only appeared about 140 Mya (Brown 1999).
Even among animals, not all types appear in the Cambrian. Cnidarians, sponges, and probably other phyla appeared before
the Cambrian. Molecular evidence shows that at least six animal phyla are Precambrian (Wang et al. 1999). Bryozoans
appear first in the Ordovician. Many other soft-bodied phyla do not appear in the fossil record until much later.
Although many new animal forms appeared during the Cambrian, not all did. According to one reference (Collins 1994),
eleven of thirty-two metazoan phyla appear during the Cambrian, one appears Precambrian, eight after the Cambrian, and
twelve have no fossil record.
And that just considers phyla. Almost none of the animal groups that people think of as groups, such as mammals,
reptiles, birds, insects, and spiders, appeared in the Cambrian. The fish that appeared in the Cambrian was unlike any
fish alive today.
4. The length of the Cambrian explosion is ambiguous and uncertain, but five to ten million years is a reasonable
estimate; some say the explosion spans forty million years or more, starting about 553 million years ago. Even the
shortest estimate of five million years is hardly sudden.
5. There are some plausible explanations for why diversification may have been relatively sudden:
* The evolution of active predators in the late Precambrian likely spurred the coevolution of hard parts on other
animals. These hard parts fossilize much more easily than the previous soft-bodied animals, leading to many more fossils
but not necessarily more animals.
* Early complex animals may have been nearly microscopic. Apparent fossil animals smaller than 0.2 mm have been found
in the Doushantuo Formation, China, forty to fifty-five million years before the Cambrian (Chen et al. 2004). Much of
the early evolution could have simply been too small to see.
* The earth was just coming out of a global ice age at the beginning of the Cambrian (Hoffman 1998; Kerr 2000). A
"snowball earth" before the Cambrian explosion may have hindered development of complexity or kept populations
down so that fossils would be too rare to expect to find today. The more favorable environment after the snowball earth
would have opened new niches for life to evolve into.
* Hox genes, which control much of an animal's basic body plan, were likely first evolving around that time.
Development of these genes might have just then allowed the raw materials for body plans to diversify (Carroll
1997).
* Atmospheric oxygen may have increased at the start of the Cambrian (Canfield and Teske 1996; Logan et al. 1995;
Thomas 1997).
* Planktonic grazers began producing fecal pellets that fell to the bottom of the ocean rapidly, profoundly changing
the ocean state, especially its oxygenation (Logan et al. 1995).
* Unusual amounts of phosphate were deposited in shallow seas at the start of the Cambrian (Cook and Shergold 1986;
Lipps and Signor 1992).
6. Cambrian life was still unlike almost everything alive today. Using number of
cell types as a measure of complexity, we see that complexity has been increasing more or less constantly since the
beginning of the Cambrian (Valentine et al. 1994).
7. Major radiations of life forms have occurred at other times, too. One of the most extensive diversifications of life
occurred in the Ordovician, for example (Miller 1997).
Quote: Modern research:
1. No progress on abiogenesis. More scientific evidence has been found on the incredible difficulties of creating life
from non-life.
That's just a lie. Amino acids have been created. Just because we haven't done it yet doesn't mean it
isn't possible. You're just the guy screaming at Columbus about how his boat is going to fall off the edge of
the earth.
Quote: 2. Even after more than 150 years, scientists have still not
observed the evolutionary basic of a single-cell organism evolving into a multicelluar organism, nor can they come up
with a plausable theory on how it happened.
Another lie...You're really bad at defending what you so adamantly believe. Is this what it's come to? Lying
and deception in order to prove your ridiculous faith in an ancient, obsolete, arbitrary book?
Quote: In the light of current science, I will state that the evolutionary
history of life is not fact.
And you would be wrong. Oh what a surprise, the christian fundie is wrong about science? Who could have guessed?
Quote:
Quote by PlunkiesThe problem is I have disproven any possibility of noah's
ark ever happening and you still believe it. How? Why?
The reason I don't answer all you questions is really because I would rather be doing something else, and not
because I find it impossible.
Ok. And your reason for answering them poorly is what exactly?
Quote: For the benefit of others who would like to know I would deal with 3
more questions about Noah's ark.
Uh oh here we go...
Quote: 1. Why weren't Noah and his famility eaten by the animals after
they left the ark?
"And the fear of you and the dread of you shall be upon every beast of the earth, and upon every fowl of the air,
upon all that moveth [upon] the earth, and upon all the fishes of the sea; into your hand are they delivered." -
Genesis 9:2
First of all I never stated anything like that. Why would you choose something I haven't even brought up? Better
yet, why would you choose something on your own when you're still forced to answer it with a "goddidit"
response? If you're going to stoop so low then why not answer everything with goddidit and just admit that
you're crazy?
Quote: Because animals fear humans.
Eh. I fear people breaking into my house but that wouldn't keep me from shooting them in the face.
Fantastic news story, Darwin at
work.
Stephen Colbert: A man lowered himself into a lion pit exclaiming "if god exists he will keep me safe from the
lions!"...He was promptly mauled to death.
Quote: 2. Inbreeding of animals.
As I said, in the Biblical world view, all creatures were created perfect. Inbreeding was not a problem during
Noah's time. This can be seen in the Bible when Abraham marries his half-sister and is blessed by God. (some time
after the flood)
Yay more goddidit. How bout some evidence FOR your flood rather than coming up with unprovable excuses for all the real
evidence against it. You still seem to have problems with this whole "science" thing, not to mention
"evidence" and "proof".
Quote: 3. Ice core dating.
The way ice core dating gets it's apparent age is, from my understanding:
number of layers of ice / number of layers of ice per year = age of ice core.
The problem is that the part of the equation "number of layers of ice per year" is a number derived from
current amounts of snowfall.
Assuming that a global flood occured, the amount of global evaporation immediately after would have been greater than
what is observed today. Nearly all creation scientists agree that is would lead to a ice age, whereby the ice caps
formed at rates far faster than they would have in today's climate.
It doesn't work like that. I've already explained THIS stupid crap too. Jeez. Have I told you that I hate you
lately persocom?
I'm not even going to go into how ice core layers are counted or how they're supported by radiometric dating
as well.
If your freakin flood happened in the first place the ice cores WOULD NOT EXIST. THEY WOULD HAVE FLOATED AWAY AND BROKEN
APART. It's impossible for the ice cores to grow back under modern conditions so they can't possibly exist
while noah's ark happened. They DO exist. Therefore noah's ark did not happen. You sabe?
Quote: To alexjohnc3:
I shall respect your wishes of not being called Mr.
The reason I do not refute the rest of your post is because it all boils down to to the same thing: That different
people have different standards of justfication, and having no evidence is not proof that someone is
illogical.
Nah, that's illogical. What's even more illogical is you continue to believe mythology not just from lack of
evidence, but despite all the evidence against it.
Quote: "Since Mr.alexjohnc3 has trouble comprehending my position I
will give another illustration.
You play coin toss with a stranger. You bet heads and he bets tails. However after 999,999,999,999,999,999,999,999,999
tosses the coin came up tails every single time.
The result is clear, the coin came up tails each of the 999,999,999,999,999,999,999,999,999 times. If I were in this
situation, I would believe that it was not by chance alone that this happened. To me, it is logical to believe so. And I
choose to believe that it did not occur due to pure luck even though I have no evidence to prove it.
ARGHHH! AGAIN! WHAT THE HELL IS THE CONTEXT?!?! WHAT DOES YOUR METAPHOR REPRESENT?!
Oh! You need to work on your reading comprehension skills too, we've gone over this whole metaphor thing three
times now and you still fail to understand.
Quote: Mr.alexjohnc3 says that because I do not have evidence, my belief is
illogical, and that Mr.Natrax who does not have "evidence" for the existance of god is also illogical." -
Mr.Persocom01
"In the absence of any other proof, the thumb alone would convince me of God's existence." - Sir Isaac
Newton
I had no evidence, and I can only believe that it did not occur by chance. Yet I am not illogical, neither is fellow
Mter Mr.Natrax illogical, nor is Sir Isaac Newton illogical.
"In the absence of any other disproof, persocom's existence alone would convince me of god's
non-existence" - Me